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Heating and ventilation service installer

Also called HVAC mechanic, HVACR inspector, HVAC heating mechanic

Heating and ventilation service installers maintain and place industrial heating and refrigeration systems. They set up furnaces, thermostats, ducts, vents, and other equipment needed to ensure the controlled passage and treatment of air. They also carry out repairs.

Will there be jobs?Yes, good prospectsShortage in 16 countries now. 18 jobs to fill by 2035 for every 100 people doing this work today.Building and related trades workers (excluding electricians)What does it pay?About averageFrom about €1,000 (Bulgaria) to €5,500 (Denmark) a month, depending on the country.Estimate · Building and related trades workers (excluding electricians)What do I need to study?Upper secondary or vocational6 in 10 finished upper secondary or vocational training. 6 in 10 train through vocational routes.Building and related trades workers (excluding electricians)Will AI change it?Very littleLevel 1 of 6. AI could help with only small parts of the tasks.Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics · ILO

What you'd do

Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics · ILO
  • Interpreting blueprints, drawings or other specifications
  • Assembling, installing and repairing components such as compressors, motors, condensers, evaporators, switches and gauges for air conditioning and refrigeration systems
  • Connecting piping and equipment by bolting, riveting, welding or brazing
  • Testing systems, diagnosing faults and performing routine maintenance or servicing
Apply proofing membranesUse measurement instrumentsWork ergonomicallyOperate welding equipmentInstall heating boiler+ 16 more essential skills
What the work is like
  • Indoors and outdoors
  • A mix of sitting and standing
  • Constant contact with people
  • Good freedom to decide
  • Usually 40 hours a week
  • Deadlines most weeks
  • Some repetitive tasks
US data: based on the O*NET profile of the US job "Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers"

Will there be jobs?

Yes, good prospects

16 EU countries are short of air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics now, but fewer jobs than in most work will need filling by 2035.

People working as building and related trades workers (excluding electricians) in the EU
7.48m8.08m7.63m 201520232035

Solid: measured. Dashed: forecast.

Jobs to fill, 2026–2035
1,849,000 replacing leavers 394,000 jobs disappear
Jobs to fill per 100 people working now
Building and related trades workers (excluding electricians)18
All jobs29
Right now
16 of 27 countries report a shortage of air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics, 3 a surplus.
Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics · EURES

What does it pay?

About average

Pay depends a lot on the country: from about €1,000 a month (Bulgaria) to €5,500 (Denmark), before tax.

Pick a country at the top of the page to see typical pay there, for people under 30, and compared with all jobs.

Among craft and related trades workers in the EU, women earn 26% less per hour than men. Craft and related trades workers · Eurostat

What do I need to study?

Upper secondary or vocational

Upper secondary or vocational training in electricity and energy is the usual route.

Highest qualification of building and related trades workers (excluding electricians) (EU, 2025)
Degree 7%Vocational 50%General secondary 8%Basic schooling 35%
Fields that teach it
Electricity and energy · Mechanics and metal trades
Vocational route, EU
6 in 10 trainees in this field

Pick a country at the top of the page to see where to study and the official course finders.

Will AI change it?

Very little

AI could help with only small parts of the tasks.

How exposed is this job? ILO scale
Very low
Low
Some tasks
Moderate
Significant
High

Average task score 0.21 on a scale from 0 (AI can't do it) to 1 (AI could do it fully).

See the score for each of the 4 tasks
Interpreting blueprints, drawings or other specifications0.36
Testing systems, diagnosing faults and performing routine maintenance or servicing0.21
Assembling, installing and repairing components such as compressors, motors, condensers, evaporators, switches and gauges for air conditioning and refrigeration systems0.15
Connecting piping and equipment by bolting, riveting, welding or brazing0.10

Based on what AI could technically do when assessed in 2025. It is not a forecast for a future year, and not a forecast of job losses. Scores for air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics. Source: ILO (2025), adapted (credits).