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Train preparer

Also called signalman, rail setter, track oiler

Train preparers are responsible for checking and testing of equipment and systems on rail vehicles before vehicles are moved. They ensure that a train is in a fit condition to enter service, that the train equipment is correctly deployed and the formation of the train matches the train’s designated pathway. Depending on the individual work organisation of the operator they also perform technical inspections carried out prior to the train entering service.

Will there be jobs?Limited prospects19 jobs to fill by 2035 for every 100 people doing this work today.Drivers and mobile plant operatorsWhat does it pay?About averageFrom about €1,000 (Bulgaria) to €5,100 (Denmark) a month, depending on the country.Estimate · Drivers and mobile plant operatorsWhat do I need to study?Upper secondary or vocational6 in 10 finished upper secondary or vocational training. 6 in 10 train through vocational routes.Drivers and mobile plant operatorsWill AI change it?Very littleLevel 1 of 6. AI could help with only small parts of the tasks.Railway brake, signal and switch operators · ILO

What you'd do

Railway brake, signal and switch operators · ILO
  • Taking charge of and safeguarding freight train during run
  • Controlling flow of railway traffic over section of line by operating signals and switches from control panel or signal box
  • Switching and coupling rolling stock in railway yards and sidings in accordance with orders about loading, unloading and make-up of trains
  • Making up trains for hauling by locomotive or cable and directing their movement along haulage ways in a mine or quarry
  • Checking train systems and equipment such as air conditioning and heating systems, brakes and brake hoses prior to train run
Comply with railway safety standardsPerform rail track inspectionsEnsure correct signalling during rail maintenanceEnsure rail tracks remain clearMaintain inventory of rail track parts+ 8 more essential skills
What the work is like
  • Mostly outdoors
  • A mix of sitting and standing
  • Lots of contact with people
  • Good freedom to decide
  • Usually 40 hours a week
  • Deadlines most weeks
  • Some repetitive tasks
US data: based on the O*NET profile of the US job "Signal and Track Switch Repairers"

Will there be jobs?

Limited prospects

Fewer jobs than in most work will need filling by 2035.

People working as drivers and mobile plant operators in the EU
8.26m9.01m8.74m 201520232035

Solid: measured. Dashed: forecast.

Jobs to fill, 2026–2035
1,996,000 replacing leavers 322,000 jobs disappear
Jobs to fill per 100 people working now
Drivers and mobile plant operators19
All jobs29
Right now
5 of 27 countries report a shortage of railway brake, signal and switch operators, 3 a surplus.
Railway brake, signal and switch operators · EURES

What does it pay?

About average

Pay depends a lot on the country: from about €1,000 a month (Bulgaria) to €5,100 (Denmark), before tax.

Pick a country at the top of the page to see typical pay there, for people under 30, and compared with all jobs.

Among plant and machine operators, and assemblers in the EU, women earn 21% less per hour than men. Plant and machine operators, and assemblers · Eurostat

What do I need to study?

Upper secondary or vocational

Upper secondary or vocational training in mechanics and metal trades is the usual route.

Highest qualification of drivers and mobile plant operators (EU, 2025)
Degree 8%Vocational 52%General secondary 11%Basic schooling 28%
Fields that teach it
Mechanics and metal trades · Transport services
Vocational route, EU
6 in 10 trainees in this field

Pick a country at the top of the page to see where to study and the official course finders.

Will AI change it?

Very little

AI could help with only small parts of the tasks.

How exposed is this job? ILO scale
Very low
Low
Some tasks
Moderate
Significant
High

Average task score 0.17 on a scale from 0 (AI can't do it) to 1 (AI could do it fully).

See the score for each of the 5 tasks
Controlling flow of railway traffic over section of line by operating signals and switches from control panel or signal box0.23
Making up trains for hauling by locomotive or cable and directing their movement along haulage ways in a mine or quarry0.19
Switching and coupling rolling stock in railway yards and sidings in accordance with orders about loading, unloading and make-up of trains0.17
Taking charge of and safeguarding freight train during run0.15
Checking train systems and equipment such as air conditioning and heating systems, brakes and brake hoses prior to train run0.14

Based on what AI could technically do when assessed in 2025. It is not a forecast for a future year, and not a forecast of job losses. Scores for railway brake, signal and switch operators. Source: ILO (2025), adapted (credits).