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Leather goods manual operator

Also called hand operator, manual operator, leather parts manipulator

Leather goods manual operators handle tools to prepare the joint of the pieces in order to ready the pieces to be stitched or to close the already existing pieces stitched together in order to give shape to the leather good products.

Will there be jobs?Limited prospects15 jobs to fill by 2035 for every 100 people doing this work today.Food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workersWhat does it pay?Below averageFrom about €1,000 (Bulgaria) to €4,800 (Denmark) a month, depending on the country.Estimate · Food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workersWhat do I need to study?Upper secondary or vocational6 in 10 finished upper secondary or vocational training. 7 in 10 train through vocational routes.Food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workersWill AI change it?Very littleLevel 1 of 6. AI could help with only small parts of the tasks.Shoemakers and related workers · ILO

What you'd do

Shoemakers and related workers · ILO
  • Making, modifying and repairing standard footwear to meet individual requirements
  • Making, modifying and repairing orthopaedic or therapeutic footwear according to doctors' prescriptions, or modifying existing footwear for people with foot problems and special needs
  • Repairing belts, luggage, purses and similar products
  • Taking plaster casts of deformed legs or feet to prepare drawings
  • Preparing inserts, heel pads and lifts from casts of customers' feet
  • Studying drawings and other specifications to make footwear according to customer‚Äôs needs
  • Studying work orders and/or shoe part tags to obtain information about workloads, specifications and the types of materials to be used
  • Checking the texture, colour and strength of leather to ensure that it is adequate for a particular purpose
  • Cutting out, shaping and padding parts for making leather articles
  • Sewing rips or patching holes to repair articles, such as purses, belts, shoes and luggage
  • Removing and examining shoes, shoe parts and designs to verify conformance to specifications such as proper embedding of stitches in channels
  • Attaching accessories or ornamentation to decorate or protect products
  • Making and repairing articles such as saddles and harnesses for animals, luggage, handbags, brief-cases, leather bags, belts and other accessories
What the work is like
  • Indoors
  • On your feet most of the day
  • Lots of contact with people, including the public
  • Good freedom to decide
  • Usually 40 hours a week
  • Deadlines most weeks
  • Varied tasks, little repetition
US data: based on the O*NET profile of the related, broader US job "Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers"

Will there be jobs?

Limited prospects

Fewer jobs than in most work will need filling by 2035.

People working as food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workers in the EU
4.07m3.96m3.58m 201520232035

Solid: measured. Dashed: forecast.

Jobs to fill, 2026–2035
910,000 replacing leavers 332,000 jobs disappear
Jobs to fill per 100 people working now
Food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workers15
All jobs29
Right now
7 of 27 countries report a shortage of shoemakers and related workers, 4 a surplus.
Shoemakers and related workers · EURES

What does it pay?

Below average

Pay depends a lot on the country: from about €1,000 a month (Bulgaria) to €4,800 (Denmark), before tax.

Pick a country at the top of the page to see typical pay there, for people under 30, and compared with all jobs.

Among craft and related trades workers in the EU, women earn 26% less per hour than men. Craft and related trades workers · Eurostat

What do I need to study?

Upper secondary or vocational

Upper secondary or vocational training in textiles (clothes, footwear and leather) is the usual route.

Highest qualification of food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workers (EU, 2025)
Degree 11%Vocational 53%General secondary 10%Basic schooling 26%
Field that teaches it
Textiles (clothes, footwear and leather)
Vocational route, EU
7 in 10 trainees in this field

Pick a country at the top of the page to see where to study and the official course finders.

Will AI change it?

Very little

AI could help with only small parts of the tasks.

How exposed is this job? ILO scale
Very low
Low
Some tasks
Moderate
Significant
High

Average task score 0.17 on a scale from 0 (AI can't do it) to 1 (AI could do it fully).

See the score for each of the 13 tasks
Studying drawings and other specifications to make footwear according to customer’s needs0.32
Checking the texture, colour and strength of leather to ensure that it is adequate for a particular purpose0.26
Studying work orders and/or shoe part tags to obtain information about workloads, specifications and the types of materials to be used0.23
Attaching accessories or ornamentation to decorate or protect products0.17
Removing and examining shoes, shoe parts and designs to verify conformance to specifications such as proper embedding of stitches in channels0.17
Making, modifying and repairing standard footwear to meet individual requirements0.15
Making, modifying and repairing orthopaedic or therapeutic footwear according to doctors' prescriptions, or modifying existing footwear for people with foot problems and special needs0.15
Taking plaster casts of deformed legs or feet to prepare drawings0.14
Preparing inserts, heel pads and lifts from casts of customers' feet0.14
Cutting out, shaping and padding parts for making leather articles0.12
Repairing belts, luggage, purses and similar products0.12
Making and repairing articles such as saddles and harnesses for animals, luggage, handbags, brief-cases, leather bags, belts and other accessories0.12
Sewing rips or patching holes to repair articles, such as purses, belts, shoes and luggage0.11

Based on what AI could technically do when assessed in 2025. It is not a forecast for a future year, and not a forecast of job losses. Scores for shoemakers and related workers. Source: ILO (2025), adapted (credits).